{"product_id":"m12333","title":"Rotenone","description":"\u003cp style=\"padding-left:1em;\"\u003eRotenone is an mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct information\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 83-79-4\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 394.42\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFormula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C23H22O6\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e (1S, 6R, 13S)-16, 17-dimethoxy-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2, 7, 20-trioxapentacyclo[11.8.0.0, .0, .0, ]henicosa-3, 8, 10, 14, 16, 18-hexaen-12-one\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSmiles:\u003c\/strong\u003e CC(=C)[C@H]1CC2C(=CC=C3C(=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H](COC5=CC(OC)=C(C=C54)OC)OC=23)O1\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInChiKey:\u003c\/strong\u003e JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInChi:\u003c\/strong\u003e InChI=1S\/C23H22O6\/c1-11(2)16-8-14-15(28-16)6-5-12-22(24)21-13-7-18(25-3)19(26-4)9-17(13)27-10-20(21)29-23(12)14\/h5-7,9,16,20-21H,1,8,10H2,2-4H3\/t16-,20-,21+\/m1\/s1\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnical Data\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Solid Power\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSolubility:\u003c\/strong\u003e DMSO : 50 mg\/mL (126.77 mM; Need ultrasonic) H2O : 0.1 mg\/mL (0.25 mM; Need ultrasonic)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShipping Condition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical or refer to Certificate of Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage Condition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dry, dark and -20 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c\/sup\u003eC for 1 year or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShelf Life:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥360 days if stored properly.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStock Solution Storage:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0 - 4 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c\/sup\u003eC for 1 month or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrug Formulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e To be determined\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHS Tariff Code:\u003c\/strong\u003e 382200\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow to use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn Vitro:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"padding-left:1em;\"\u003eMitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), Toll-like receptor, Wnt, and Ras signaling pathways are intensively involved in the effect of rotenone on the ENS. Rotenone-induced cell death is reduced by MCE treatment as measured by decline in the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins. Moreover, MCE treatment significantly augments the levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and blocks the release of cytochrome c, thereby alleviating the rotenone-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss, as evidenced by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining in the striatum.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn Vivo:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"padding-left:1em;\"\u003eRotenone causes a significant increase in the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters; glutamate and aspartate together with a significant decrease in the inhibitory amino acids, GABA, glycine and taurine are observed in the cerebellum of rat model of PD. Rotenone (1.5, 2, or 2.5 mg\/kg) causes a dose-dependent increase in α-synuclein in the substantia nigra. Furthermore, at 2 and 2.5 mg\/kg, rotenone causes a significant decrease in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra, and dopamine in the striatum in rats.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col style=\"padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKhadrawy YA, et al. Cerebellar neurochemical and histopathological changes in rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by intrastriatal injection of rotenone. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2016 Nov 30.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGuan Q, et al. RNA-Seq Expression Analysis of Enteric Neuron Cells with Rotenone Treatment and Prediction of Regulated Pathways. Neurochem Res. 2016 Nov 30.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKishore Kumar SN, et al. Morinda citrifolia mitigates rotenone-induced striatal neuronal loss in male Sprague-Dawley rats by preventing mitochondrial pathway of intrinsic apoptosis. Redox Rep. 2016 Nov 24:1-12.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProducts are for research use only. Not for human use.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Xcess Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"M12333-2 \/ 2mg solid","offer_id":39417564889227,"sku":"","price":80.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"M12333-10 \/ 10mg solid","offer_id":39417564921995,"sku":"","price":240.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0389\/1897\/9723\/products\/M12333_1626142800.gif?v=1626142800","url":"https:\/\/www.xcessbio.com\/products\/m12333","provider":"Xcess Biosciences","version":"1.0","type":"link"}