{"product_id":"m33357","title":"Pimonidazole hydrochloride","description":"\u003cp style=\"padding-left:1em;\"\u003ePimonidazole is a novel hypoxia marker for complementary study of tumor hypoxia and cell proliferation in tumor. Pimonidazole accumulates in hypoxic cells via covalent binding with macromolecules or by forming reductive metabolites after reduction of its nitro group, it can be used for qualitative and quantitative assessment of tumor hypoxia .\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct information\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 70132-51-3\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 290.75\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFormula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C11H19ClN4O3\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1-(2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-2-ol hydrochloride\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSmiles:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cl.[O-][N+](=O)C1=NC=CN1CC(O)CN1CCCCC1\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInChiKey:\u003c\/strong\u003e SKUVJFHTKRTQQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInChi:\u003c\/strong\u003e InChI=1S\/C11H18N4O3.ClH\/c16-10(8-13-5-2-1-3-6-13)9-14-7-4-12-11(14)15(17)18;\/h4,7,10,16H,1-3,5-6,8-9H2;1H\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnical Data\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Solid Power\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSolubility:\u003c\/strong\u003e H2O : 5 mg\/mL (17.20 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 80°C).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShipping Condition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical or refer to Certificate of Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage Condition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dry, dark and -20 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c\/sup\u003eC for 1 year or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShelf Life:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥12 months if stored properly.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStock Solution Storage:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0 - 4 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c\/sup\u003eC for 1 month or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent:-1em;padding-left:1em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrug Formulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e To be determined\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHS Tariff Code:\u003c\/strong\u003e 382200\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow to use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn Vitro:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"padding-left:1em;\"\u003ePimonidazole, the exogenous hypoxia marker, is a 2-nitroimidazole compound, which forms covalent bonds with cellular macromolecules at oxygen levels below 1.3%. Detection: Hypoxic cells were recognized by immunohistochemical detection of pimonidazole using a mouse monoclonal antibody. Cell proliferation was detected with a commercially available monoclonal antibody for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Assessment of hypoxia and cell proliferation was made qualitatively with light microscopy and quantitatively using point counting and image analysis software methods. The pimonidazole-protein adducts were then detected by immunofluorescence Cells (90% confluent) are treated with pimonidazole hydrochloride (10-100 μM), diluted in complete media or PBS, and placed in hypoxia or normoxia for 2-4 hours. Then, cells are washed 4 times in HBSS, fixed for 10 min with 10% neutral buffered formalin at room temperature, washed 3 times with tris buffered saline, and mounted with Prolong Gold with DAPI mounting media. To monitor the intrinsic hypoxic signal, the tissue is removed and the embryos incubated with 400 µM pimonidazole for 2 h before fixation. Immunostaining is performed using antibodies against pimonidazole-protein adducts (Hypoxyprobe).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn Vivo:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"padding-left:1em;\"\u003ePimonidazole is a 2-nitroimidazole that is reductively activated specifically in hypoxic cells and forms stable adducts with thiol groups in proteins, peptides, and amino acids. Additionally, the amount of pimonidazole that is detected is directly proportional to the level of hypoxia within tumors in vivo. The following protocol is provided for this useful tool to interrogate the levels of hypoxia in vivo. 1.Pimonidazole hydrochloride is suspended at a concentration of 30 mg\/ml in 0.9% sterile saline or PBS. 2.Multiple mice are injected intravenously (tail vein) with 60 mg\/kg of the pimonidazole solution. 3.Let circulate in vivo for 90 min before the mice are euthanazied with isoflurane or carbon dioxide (CO2). Note: For animal euthanasia: In compliance with proper IACUC protocols! 4. Mice are sacrificed and organs are then removed, weighed, snap-frozen, and stored in plastic scintillation vials at -80 °C. 5. The pimonidazole stain can work on paraffin-embedded tissue, frozen tissue, and cell lines. Organs are embedded in OCT, placed in a cryostat, and cut into 10 μm-thick sections. Sections are placed on microscope slides for staining.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProducts are for research use only. Not for human use.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Xcess Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"M33357-C \/ Contact sales@xcessbio.com for quotation","offer_id":39551729205387,"sku":"0","price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0389\/1897\/9723\/products\/M33357_1636136625.gif?v=1636136627","url":"https:\/\/www.xcessbio.com\/products\/m33357","provider":"Xcess Biosciences","version":"1.0","type":"link"}