Verrucarin A

Verrucarin A (Muconomycin A), a Type D macrocyclic mycotoxin derived from the pathogen fungus Myrothecium verrucaria, is an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Verrucarin A inhibits growth of leukemia cell lines and activates caspases and apoptosis and inflammatory signaling in macrophages. Verrucarin A effectively increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and diminished the phosphorylation of ERK/Akt. Verrucarin A caused cell cycle deregulation through the induction of p21 and p53.

Product information

CAS Number: 3148-09-2

Molecular Weight: 502.55

Formula: C27H34O9

Synonym:

Muconomycin A

Chemical Name: (1'R,2S,3'R,8'R,12'S,13'R,18'E,20'E,24'R,25'S)-1',3',24'-trihydrogenio-12'-hydroxy-5',13',25'-trimethyl-2',10',16',23'-tetraoxaspiro[oxirane-2,26'-tetracyclo[22.2.1.0³,⁸.0⁸,²⁵]heptacosane]-4',18',20'-triene-11',17',22'-trione

Smiles: C[C@@]12[C@H]3C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4C=C(C)CC[C@]14COC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)CCOC(=O)C=CC=CC(=O)O3)[C@]12CO1 |t:28,30|

InChiKey: NLUGUZJQJYVUHS-CFEGEJFQSA-N

InChi: InChI=1S/C27H34O9/c1-16-8-10-26-14-33-24(31)23(30)17(2)9-11-32-21(28)6-4-5-7-22(29)36-18-13-20(35-19(26)12-16)27(15-34-27)25(18,26)3/h4-7,12,17-20,23,30H,8-11,13-15H2,1-3H3/b6-4-,7-5-/t17-,18-,19-,20-,23+,25-,26-,27+/m1/s1

Technical Data

Appearance: Solid Power

Purity: ≥98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical or refer to Certificate of Analysis

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and -20 ^oC for 1 year or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Shelf Life: ≥12 months if stored properly.

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 ^oC for 1 month or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Drug Formulation: To be determined

HS Tariff Code: 382200

How to use

In Vitro:

Verrucarin A (0-0.6 μM/ml; 24-48 hours)-induces time- and dose-dependent growth inhibition in MCF-7 cells. Verrucarin A increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and subsequently induces mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) loss, leading to the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, PARP degradation, and apoptosis.

References:

1. Palanivel K, et al. Verrucarin A alters cell-cycle regulatory proteins and induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-dependent p38MAPK activation in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Tumour Biol. 2014;35(10):10159-10167.
2. Palanivel K, et al. Verrucarin A, a protein synthesis inhibitor, induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and T47D. Biotechnol Lett. 2013;35(9):1395-1403.

Products are for research use only. Not for human use.