AP39

AP39 is a triphenylphosphonium derivatised anethole dithiolethione and mitochondria-targeting hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor. AP39 increases intracellular H2S levels. AP39 exerts cytoprotective effects and maintains mitochondrial DNA integrity under oxidative stress conditions. AP39 protects against myocardial reperfusion injury in mice model and has the potential for Alzheimer's disease research.

Product information

CAS Number: 1429061-80-2

Molecular Weight: 721.77

Formula: C37H38BrO2PS3

Chemical Name: {10-oxo-10-[4-(3-sulfanylidene-3H-1,2-dithiol-5-yl)phenoxy]decyl}triphenylphosphanium bromide

Smiles: [Br-].O=C(CCCCCCCCC[P+](C1C=CC=CC=1)(C1C=CC=CC=1)C1C=CC=CC=1)OC1C=CC(=CC=1)C1=CC(=S)SS1

InChiKey: PUEBFERUDPTIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M

InChi: InChI=1S/C37H38O2PS3.BrH/c38-36(39-31-26-24-30(25-27-31)35-29-37(41)43-42-35)23-15-4-2-1-3-5-16-28-40(32-17-9-6-10-18-32,33-19-11-7-12-20-33)34-21-13-8-14-22-34;/h6-14,17-22,24-27,29H,1-5,15-16,23,28H2;1H/q+1;/p-1

Technical Data

Appearance: Solid Power

Purity: ≥98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Solubility: DMSO : 100 mg/mL (138.55 mM; Need ultrasonic).

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical or refer to Certificate of Analysis

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and -20 ^oC for 1 year or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Shelf Life: ≥12 months if stored properly.

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 ^oC for 1 month or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Drug Formulation: To be determined

HS Tariff Code: 382200

How to use

In Vitro:

AP39 (25,100 nM; for 24 h) results in increase in cell viability in APP/PS1 neurons and has no effect on cell viability in WT neurons. AP39 (100 nM) increases the levels of OPA1 and Mfn1 but not Mfn2. Moreover, AP39 decreases the levels of Fis1 but not Drp1. AP39 (25-250 nM; 2 h) induces a concentration-dependent increase in H2S generation and in the fluorescence of the H2S-detecting dye AzMC. AP39 (100 nM) significantly increases the basal respiratory rate and the OCR-linked maximal respiratory capacity of the APP/PS1 neurons. AP39 significantly increases the ATP production in WT and APP/PS1 neurons. AP39 significantly protects against mtDNA damage in APP/PS1 neurons by partially restoring mtDNA integrity. AP39 consists of a mitochondria-targeting motif, triphenylphosphonium (TPP+), coupled to a H2S-donating moiety (dithiolethione) by an aliphatic linker.AP39 (100 nM) reduces intracellular oxidative stress and in the meantime it consequently sustaines the cell viability, mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial DNA integrity. These effects tend to be stimulatory at lower concentrations (30 and 100 nM), but tend to diminish or convert into inhibitory effects at a higher concentration (300 nM).

In Vivo:

AP39 (100 nM/kg/day; ip; for 6 weeks) ameliorates the learning and memory deficits of APP/PS1 mice. AP39 (25-250 nM/kg/day; ip; for 6 weeks) induces a dose-dependent increase in H2S generation in the cortex and hippocampus of WT and APP/PS1 mice. AP39 (0.01, 0.1, 1 μmol/kg; iv; bolus 10 min before reperfusion) dose‐dependently reduces infarct size anaesthetized by thiobutabarbital (200 mg/kg, i.p) in male Sprague Dawley rats, 300-350 g (9-11 weeks).

Products are for research use only. Not for human use.