Tyrothricin

Tyrothricin is a polypeptide antibiotic mixture isolated from Bacillus brevis and consists of tyrocidines and gramicidins. Tyrothricin shows activity against bacteria, fungi and some viruses. Tyrothricin containing formulations are used in sore throat agents and in agents for the healing of infected superficial and small-area wounds.

Product information

CAS Number: 1404-88-2

Molecular Weight: 1228.44

Formula: C65H85N11O13

Chemical Name: 3-[(3S,6R,8S,11S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25R,30aS)-19-(3-aminopropyl)-3,6,25-tribenzyl-8-(carbamoylmethyl)-13-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-22-(2-methylpropyl)-1,4,7,10,14,17,20,23,26-nonaoxo-16-(propan-2-yl)-triacontahydropyrrolo[2,1-f]1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25-nonaazacyclooctacosan-11-yl]propanoic acid

Smiles: CC(C)C[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC2C=CC(O)=CC=2)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)[C@@H](CC2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](CC2C=CC=CC=2)NC1=O)C(C)C

InChiKey: NLJVXZFCYKWXLH-DXTIXLATSA-N

InChi: InChI=1S/C65H85N11O13/c1-38(2)32-49-60(84)74-52(36-42-20-12-7-13-21-42)65(89)76-31-15-23-53(76)63(87)73-51(34-41-18-10-6-11-19-41)61(85)70-47(33-40-16-8-5-9-17-40)57(81)48(37-54(67)78)71-59(83)46(28-29-55(79)80)68-50(35-43-24-26-44(77)27-25-43)62(86)75-56(39(3)4)64(88)69-45(22-14-30-66)58(82)72-49/h5-13,16-21,24-27,38-39,45-53,56,68,77H,14-15,22-23,28-37,66H2,1-4H3,(H2,67,78)(H,69,88)(H,70,85)(H,71,83)(H,72,82)(H,73,87)(H,74,84)(H,75,86)(H,79,80)/t45-,46-,47+,48-,49-,50-,51-,52+,53-,56-/m0/s1

Technical Data

Appearance: Solid Power

Purity: ≥98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical or refer to Certificate of Analysis

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and -20 ^oC for 1 year or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Shelf Life: ≥12 months if stored properly.

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 ^oC for 1 month or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Drug Formulation: To be determined

HS Tariff Code: 382200

How to use

In Vitro:

Tyrothricin is a mixture of polypeptides, consisting of 50%-70% tyrocidines and 25%-50% gramicidins. The group of tyrocidines is basic, cyclic peptides, whereas the fraction of gramicidins is neutral, linear peptides. Besides physiological and essential L-amino acids, the components of Tyrothricin also contain D-amino acids. Tyrothricin is produced by the gram-positive aerobic sporeforming bacterium Bacillus brevis (Strain ATCC 8185) during its sporulation phase via the nonribosomal pathway. The efficacy spectrum of Tyrothricin mainly covers gram-positive but also several gram-negative bacteria. Corynebacteria and staphylococci show a broader range of Tyrothricin concentrations for inhibition (2-256 μg/mL). In contrast to the gramicidin fraction alone, Tyrothricin is able to inhibit all Staphylococcus strains at a maximum concentration of 128 μg/mL. Among the gram-negative organisms, gonococci and meningococci were the most sensitive germs (96 μg/mL). Tyrothricin exerts fungicidal effects on a variety of Candida species.Tyrothricin shows an anti-infectious activity against parainfluenza virus (type Sendai).

In Vivo:

In animal models using HSV type 1, a pre-incubation of the virus suspension with Tyrothricin could significantly decrease the lethality in mice. The effect could only be shown after a direct contact between Tyrothricin and the virus. Nevertheless disruption of the integrity of eukaryotic membranes is observed at higher Tyrothricin concentrations in vitro. This effect is exemplified as hemolytic activity of Tyrothricin in in vitro studies and when applied to animals i.v.. In contrast to an intravenous (LD50 mouse: 3,7 mg/kg) and an intraperitoneal (LD50 mouse: 20-45 mg/kg) application the oral application is very well tolerated, as Tyrothricin is destroyed in the gastro-intestinal tract.

Products are for research use only. Not for human use.