Harmine hydrochloride

Harmine (Telepathine), a fluorescent harmala alkaloid belonging to the beta-carboline family of compounds, is a highly cell-permeant and competitive inhibitor of ATP binding to the kinase pocket of DYRK1A, with about 60-fold higher IC50 value for DYRK2. Harmine also inhibits monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and cdc-like kinases (CLKs). Harmine inhibits 5-HT2A serotonin receptor with Ki of 397 nM.

Product information

CAS Number: 343-27-1

Molecular Weight: 248.71

Formula: C13H13ClN2O

Synonym:

Telepathine hydrochloride

Chemical Name: 7-methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole hydrochloride

Smiles: Cl.CC1=NC=CC2=C1NC1C=C(C=CC2=1)OC

InChiKey: VNPLYCKZIUTKJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi: InChI=1S/C13H12N2O.ClH/c1-8-13-11(5-6-14-8)10-4-3-9(16-2)7-12(10)15-13;/h3-7,15H,1-2H3;1H

Technical Data

Appearance: Solid Power

Purity: ≥98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Solubility: DMSO: 10 mM

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical or refer to Certificate of Analysis

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and -20 ^oC for 1 year or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Shelf Life: ≥12 months if stored properly.

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 ^oC for 1 month or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Drug Formulation: To be determined

HS Tariff Code: 382200

How to use

In Vitro:

Harmine inhibits substrate phosphorylation by DYRK1A more potently than it inhibits substrate phosphorylation by the closely related kinase DYRK1B [half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 33 nM versus 166 nM, respectively] and by the more distant members of the family, DYRK2 and DYRK4 (1.9 μM and 80 μM, respectively). Much higher concentrations of harmine are required to suppress tyrosine autophosphorylation of the translational intermediate of DYRK1A in a bacterial in vitro translation system (IC50 = 1.9 μM). Harmine inhibits the phosphorylation of a specific substrate by DYRK1A in cultured cells with a potency similar to that observed in vitro (IC50=48 nM), without negative effects on the viability of the cells. Harmine does not inhibit tyrosine autophosphorylation of DYRK1A in HEK293 cells. Harmine is able to induce beta cell proliferation, increase islet mass and improve glycemic control. It is a CNS stimulant.

In Vivo:

In a partial pancreatectomy (PPX) model, harmine treatment induces Ki-67 labeling in beta cells in both sham-operated mice and in mice subjected to PPX, with the most robust proliferation in the beta cells of harmine-treated PPX mice. In the PPX model, regeneration of beta cell mass is substantially more rapid in the harmine-treated mice than in the controls, reaching near-normal values in only 14 d. In a euglycemic nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mouse model, BrdU and Ki-67 labeling is two- to threefold higher in human beta cells transplanted into the renal capsule of harmine-treated compared to control euglycemic mice, without evidence of beta cell death. In a marginal mass human islet transplant model in streptozotocin-diabetic NOD-SCID mice, harmine treatment also results in near normal glycemic control. Harmine induces production of the important beta cell transcription factors NKX6.1, PDX1 and MAFA.

References:

1. Sun P, et al. Neurosci Lett. 2014 Nov 7;583:32-6.
2. Glennon RA, et al. Binding of beta-carbolines and related agents at serotonin (5-HT(2) and 5-HT(1A)), dopamine (D(2)) and benzodiazepine receptors. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000 Aug 1;60(2):121-32.

Products are for research use only. Not for human use.